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Alexander III of Macedon (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Γ ὁ Μακεδών; 20/21 July 356 BC - 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, translit Aléxandros Ho Mégas, Koine Greek : [a.lék.san.dros ho mé.gas]), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonian and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded in his father Philip II in the age of twenty. He spent most of his reign years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and he created one of the largest empires of the ancient world by the age of thirty, stretching from Greece to the southwestern Indian. [2] He was undefeated in battle and is considered one of the most successful military commanders. [3]
During his youth, Alexander was trained by Aristotle until age 16. After Philip's assassination in 336 BC, he succeeded his father to the throne and became a powerful king and experienced army. Alexander was awarded the generality of Greece and was used by his father's pan-Hellenic project to lead the Greeks in the conquest of Persia. [5] In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Empire (Persian Empire) and began a series of campaigns that lasted ten years. Following the conquest of Anatolia, Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles, most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety. [B] At that point, his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Indus River.
He endeavored to reach the end of the world and the Great Outer Sea and invaded India in 326 BC, winning a major victory over the Pauravas at the Battle of the Hydaspes. He eventually turned back to the demand of his homesickers. Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BC, the city that he planned to establish as his capital, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have started with an invasion of Arabia. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars separated from his empire apart, resulting in the creation of several states by Diadochi, Alexander's surviving generals and heirs.
Alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism of which he conquests engendered, such as Greco-Buddhism. He founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most notably Alexandria in Egypt. The Hellenistic civilization, which was still evident in the ancient traditions of the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century AD and presence of Greek speakers in the central part of the Greek culture. and far east Anatolia until the 1920s. Alexander becomes legendar